Summer Brief

Good design begins with a good understanding of a subject. With that in mind, you will prepare a body of research over the summer that you will present to the class in a workshop at the start of the academic year. You will also need to show your research on your blog. Initially, you will research into three things that interest you that are appropriate to graphic design a hobby/interest, an invention/discovery and a person/place. You may choose to research into three ideas from one of these categories (for example, three hobbies), or you may choose to research into an idea from each category. This initial list of three will then focus your research down into one thing that really interests you, and that one thing will be what your presentation is about. Whatever you choose to focus on, we want to know everything about it facts, history, why you think your subject is interesting and what other target audiences exist for it. Make your presentation interesting visually; if it helps to bring in physical examples or items to help your presentation, please make sure you do so.

In addition to this presentation, you need to write a “To Do” list for the forthcoming year. What skills and processes do you want to try? What would you like to improve upon? What interests you as a graphic designer that you want to learn? This is an opportunity to take control of your future and put strategies in place that will help you to establish and achieve

your goals, whatever they are.

INITIAL IDEAS

Hobby

Football (shirts, boots, footballs, posters, football game covers, adverts), Film (film posters, CD covers, vinyls, film traliors), Music, Athletics (Olympics, outfits, shoes, posters, adverts, leaflets) Tennis.

Invention/Discovery

Screenprint, Bicycle (bikes, posters, Olympics, Wiggins, Froome, tour de France)

Place

Scotland, Africa, America (Yellowstone, states) outdoors, wilderness, animals, forests.

FOOTBALL
(association football)

THE RULES

Association football, commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries, making it the world's most popular sport. The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by using any part of the body besides the arms and hands to get the football into the opposing goal.

The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and then only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may use their head or torso to strike the ball instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: Fédération Internationale de Football Association) which organises a World Cup every four years.

HISTORY

Two of the earliest recorded football type games from Europe include Episkyros from Ancient Greece and the Roman version Harpastum,^[6] which similar to pre-codified "Mob Football" involved more handling the ball than kicking.^[8] Many earlier competitive games revolving around the kicking of a ball have been played in a few countries throughout history, such as cuju in China.^[9] Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan and woggabaliri in Australia. The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England. The history of football in England dates back to at least the eighth century.^[10]
The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857,^[11] which led to formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867. In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised an influential set of rules.

Football Boots

Beginging

Football boots in the 1920’s, 1930’s, 1940’s and for some of the 1950’s were made from very hard wearing leather with a double or triple layer of even harder leather on the toe box. They were extremely heavy, with a double layer of leather on the sole so that 6 studs could be nailed into the sole unit to provide traction. The upper of the boots came above the ankle to provide protection and support for that area.
Better players and professional players spent many hours oiling and greasing the boots and then rubbing dubbin on them to make them more soft and supple. They even used hammers on the hard toe boxes to make them soft. This was all to get a better feel on the ball – which at that time was also made of leather. In those days both the ball and the boots got a lot heavier in wet conditions.

The revolution

In 1954 Germany won the World Cup in footwear that would change the football boot industry for ever. Adi Dassler, of sports firm adidas introduced football boots with screw-in studs. The boots were massively lighter, used softer leather for enhanced flexibility and feel, and had removable ‘screw-in system’* studs which allowed length of stud to be changed according to ground conditions.
In 1956 adidas took their ‘revolution’ one step further and introduced ‘polyamide’ sole units instead of leather. These were not only lighter, but more flexible and non-porous – meaning that they didn’t feel like lead in wet conditions.
Adidas also introduced Kangaroo skin, or K-leather as it is sometimes referred. This upper moulded to the foot better, was hard wearing and gave and allowed for a great touch on the football. Nearly 50 years on this is still regarded as the best leather for football boots.
In the next few years moulded football boots for wear on firm natural surfaces were introduced to an increasingly global football market. These had more studs (often 12) for better traction and comfort on hard ground. 1979 saw the introduction of the worlds best ever selling football boot – the adidas Copa Mundial (incredibly still a top seller to this day). By this time there were many companies making football boots e.g. Adidas, Puma, Lotto, Diadora, Mizuno, Asics, Mitre etc.
In order to illustrate the huge leaps that were made during these developmental years – it wasn’t until the mid 1990’s that any significant improvements were made in the football boot market place – unbelievable.

The next wave

1994 saw the next great ‘mass-market’ innovation in football boots, and this again came from adidas with the Predator. The Predator had two significant developments. One, on the upper where strips of rubber were placed in the forefoot of the toebox area. This was to enhance feel, power and swerve – the rubber part of the boot gripped the football (by now footballs were totally synthetic). The second major development was on the sole unit, where a traxion sole unit made from a number of strategically aligned blades supposedly gave a better grip.
While the predator technologies were happening, Nike – a relative latecomer into the football business were investing huge amounts in product development, merchandising and marketing and the results were many product innovations of their own. The introduction of Nike Air cushioning technology provided footballers with welcome enhanced cushioning (as seen in the Nike Air Zoom Total 90, Nike Tiempo Legend). But perhaps their biggest development was in their development of synthetic leathers. Nike’s ultimate aim was to bring a boot to the marketplace that did not stretch, did not lose its shape, repelled water, was lighter and gave a better touch on the synthetic football.
The Nike Mercurial Vapour is now on the market weighing only 198 g (the same as some sprinting spikes) – it I the lightest boot ever made. In their own words – ‘ the vapour is built around a ‘Nike frame’ for immediate take off, it has a sculptured arch and external heel counter for comfort and support. Also the snap studs allow easy and quick change according to ground conditions. The upper repels water and provides enhanced touch and control’. Nike have also developed other technologies including – synthetic KNG100 upper, side lacing for increased striking surface.

Old vs New

In the last ten years since the introduction of the Predator there is still a strong debate as to which boots are better – the modern genre - Adidas Predators, Mercurial Vapours, Total 90 - or the old classics like the Adidas World Cup, Puma King and the Copa Mundial.
Regardless, the Football boots market is now worth billions worldwide and at this moment the dominant brands are Nike and Adidas - young gunslinger versus old master - who between them control about 70% of the global boots market.

Source

Football boots, called cleats or soccer shoes in North America, are an item of footwear worn when playing association football. Those designed for grass pitches have studs on the outsole to aid grip. From simple and humble beginnings football boots have come a long way and today find themselves subject to much research, development, sponsorship and marketing at the heart of a multi-national global industry. Modern "boots" are not truly boots in that they do not cover the ankle.

Colour

Originally, association football boots (soccer shoes, or more commonly soccer cleats, in U.S. English) were available only in black, but in more recent years have become available in various colours such as blue, green, red, white, yellow, silver, gold and even pink. Big name companies such as Nike, Adidas, Umbro and the like have made an impact on the market with record sales. Nike's flagship shoe is the Mercurial Vapors worn by Cristiano Ronaldo, with other versions such as Total 90 football boot worn by Wayne Rooney. German company Adidas are responsible for the Predator range worn by David Beckham, Gary Neville, and Steven Gerrard, as well as the long-surviving Copa Mundial. The entire German national side wore Adidas boots during the 2006 FIFA World Cup. English firm Umbro produce the Speciali boot endorsed by John Terry and Michael Owen. Sunderland defender John O'Shea wears the Concave football boot - it is a company that claims to manufacture the safest football boot out of the current lot.

Customisation

Many players now use personalisation around the world to improve the look of their boots and to make them easily identifiable in the club dressing room. It is now very common to have your football boots fully personalised with either your name, initials, number or club logo. In the past the standard way for football boots to be identified has always been the black permanent marker pen, ugly and not very professional. Many retailers offer various options and colours to personalise football boots by using the very latest embroidery machinery.

In recent times, the most successful of these companies is Nike, and their products enjoy great popularity among professional footballers; among Nike's endorsers are two-time FIFA World Player of the Year Ronaldinho, aforementioned duo Wayne Rooney and Cristiano Ronaldo, striker Ronaldo, Wesley Sneijder, Zlatan Ibrahimović, and other popular players. Adidas, which has been providing football boots with screw-in studs to the German national side since the 1954 FIFA World Cup, have made their impact on the modern market by signing big name players as endorsers: players such as David Beckham, former France captain Zinedine Zidane, Frank Lampard, four-time world player of the year Lionel Messi, David Villa, Steven Gerrard and other successful players. Adidas sells with an image of technology and class in their boots which is key to their success. Both Chelsea and Manchester United had enjoyed long kit manufacturing deals with Umbro, but both teams signed recent deals with Adidas and Nike respectively

The transformation of football boots could an interesting topic to focus on.

advertisement

Manchester United

FACTS

Nickname :Red Devils Formed :1878 Stadium :Old Trafford Manager :Alex Ferguson UEFA Cups (1) :1990 League Titles (19) :1907-08, 1910-11, 1951-52, 1955-56, 1956-57, 1964-65, 1966-67, 1992-93, 1993-94,1995-96, 1996-97, 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2000-01, 2002-03, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2010-11 FA Cups (11) :1908-09, 1947-48, 1962-63, 1976-77, 1982-83, 1984-85, 1989-90, 1993-94, 1995-96, 1998-99,2003-04 League Cups (4) :1991-92, 2005-06, 2008-09, 2009-10 European Cups (3) :1967-68, 1998-99, 2007-08 Biggest Signing :30.75 mn pounds, Dimitar Berbatov from Tottenham Hotspur, August 2008-2009 Biggest Sale :80 mn pounds, Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid, August 2009/10 Leading goalscorer :Bobby Charlton, 249 Leading appearances :Ryan Giggs, 878*

Read more at: http://ibnlive.in.com/worldoffootball/club/facts/manchester-united.html?utm_source=ref_article

Nick name: Red Devils

Formed: 1878

Stadium: Old trafford

Manager: David Moyes

UEFA: 1990

League Titles: 1907–08, 1910–11, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13

FA Cup: 1908–09, 1947–48, 1962–63, 1976–77, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003–04

League Cup: 1991–92, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10

FA Charity/Community Shield: 1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965*, 1967*, 1977*, 1983, 1990*, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013

European Cup/ UEFA Champions League: 1967–68, 1998–99, 2007–08

UEFA cup winners Cup: 1990/91

UEFA Super Cup: 1991

International Cup: 1999

FIFA Club World Cup: 2008

Managers

1878–1892	Unknown
1892–1900	A. H. Albut
1900–1903	James West
1903–1912	Ernest Mangnall
1912–1914	John Bentley
1914–1922	Jack Robson
1922–1926	John Chapman	First manager from outside England
1926–1927	Lal Hilditch	Shortest-serving manager, and only player-manager
1927–1931	Herbert Bamlett
1931–1932	Walter Crickmer
1932–1937	Scott Duncan
1937–1945	Walter Crickmer
1945–1969	Matt Busby
1969–1970	Wilf McGuinness
1970–1971	Matt Busby
1971–1972	Frank O'Farrell	First manager from outside the United Kingdom
1972–1977	Tommy Docherty
1977–1981	Dave Sexton
1981–1986	Ron Atkinson
1986–2013	Alex Ferguson	Most honours won and longest-serving manager in club history.
2013–	David Moyes

Other facts

Manchester United is one of the most successful English football clubs, has huge world-wide support, and in 2010 was listed by Deloitte as the 3rd richest football club in the world.

Manchester United was one of the first English teams to play in Europe (1956-1957) and the first to win the European Cup (1967-1968).

Manchester United is the only English team to win the treble of League Championship, FA Cup and European Cup/Champions League (1998-1999).

Manchester United’s history includes tragedy. Returning from a European Cup game in February 1958, the plane carrying the team crashed on take-off in Munich. Twenty-three people died, including eight players.

Manchester United began in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR (Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway). The club became Manchester United in 1902.

Old Trafford was built and became the club’s home ground in 1910.

Old Trafford was bombed during the second world war. It needed re-building after the war and wasn’t usable again until 1949.

Manchester United was the first club to have a successful youth policy. In the 1950s ‘Busby’s babes’ achieved considerable success.

Busby’s assistant throughout his years as manager was Welshman, Jimmy Murphy.
Between 1966-1967 and 1992-1993, Manchester United went 26 years without being league champions. The club's longest period without a trophy lasted 37 years between winning the league championship in 1910-1911 and the FA Cup in 1947-1948.

Manchester United was last relegated in 1973-1974. Denis Law, playing then for Manchester City, scored the goal that sent them down.

Sir Alex Ferguson has been the most successful manager in English football history.

Manchester United has won the league championship 19 times. (Winning the title in 2010-2011 took Manchester United beyond Liverpool who has won the title 18 times.)

Manchester United has won the FA Cup 11 times - more than any other club. (Arsenal has won the FA Cup 10 times.)

League Titles (19) :1907-08, 1910-11, 1951-52, 1955-56, 1956-57, 1964-65, 1966-67, 1992-93, 1993-94,1995-96, 1996-97, 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2000-01, 2002-03, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2010-11

Read more at: http://ibnlive.in.com/worldoffootball/club/facts/manchester-united.html?utm_source=ref_article

Posters/Adverts

Film

Another big interest of mine if film, i really enjoy sitting down and watch a good film, the stories help to take you to places that are not possible to go to in real life and provide gripping stories. I feel film in iteslf is way to big to focus on so i am going to look at some of my favorite films, lord of the rings. Also i will look at posters for any random films because there is a vast amount out there and some are very interesting.

Some posters

Shawshank Redemption

The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont and starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman.
Adapted from the Stephen King novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, the film tells the story of Andy Dufresne, a banker who spends nearly two decades in Shawshank State Prison for the murder of his wife and her lover despite his claims of innocence. During his time at the prison, he befriends a fellow inmate, Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding, and finds himself protected by the guards after the warden begins using him in his money laundering operation.
Despite a lukewarm box office reception that barely recouped its budget, the film received multiple award nominations and favorable reviews from critics for its acting and realism. It has since enjoyed a remarkable life on cable television, VHS, DVD, and Blu-ray. It was included in the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Movies 10th Anniversary Edition

Lord of the rings

Two film adaptations of the book have been made. The first was J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1978), by animator Ralph Bakshi,the first part of what was originally intended to be a two-part adaptation of the story; it covers The Fellowship of the Ring and part of The Two Towers. A three-issue comic book version of the movie was also published in Europe (but not printed in English), with illustrations by Luis Bermejo. When Bakshi's investors shied away of financing the second film that would complete the story, the remainder of the story was covered in an animated television special by Rankin-Bass. Stylistically, the two segments are very different. The second and far more critically and commercially successful adaptation was Peter Jackson's live action The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, produced by New Line Cinema and released in three instalments as The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003). All three parts received nearly universal acclaim and were each nominated for and won multiple Academy Awards, including consecutive Best Picture nominations. The final instalment of this trilogy was the second film to break the one-billion-dollar barrier and won a total of 11 Oscars (something only two other films in history, Ben-Hur and Titanic, have accomplished), including "Best Picture", "Best Director", "Best Adapted Screenplay" and "Best Original Score".

The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three epic fantasy adventure films adapted and directed by Peter Jackson and based on English author J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. The films are, by subtitle, The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They were distributed by New Line Cinema.
Considered to be one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $281 million, the entire project took eight years, with the filming for all three films done simultaneously and entirely in New Zealand, Jackson's native country. Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material.
Set in the fictional world of Middle-earth, the three films follow the hobbit Frodo Baggins (Elijah Wood) as he and a Fellowship embark on a quest to destroy the One Ring, and thus ensure the destruction of its maker, the Dark Lord Sauron. The Fellowship becomes divided and Frodo continues the quest together with his loyal companion Sam (Sean Astin) and the treacherous Gollum (Andy Serkis). Meanwhile, Aragorn (Viggo Mortensen), heir in exile to the throne of Gondor, and the wizard Gandalf (Ian McKellen) unite and rally the Free Peoples of Middle-earth, who are ultimately victorious in the War of the Ring.
The series was a major financial success, with the films collectively being among the highest-grossing film series of all time. The films were critically acclaimed and heavily awarded, winning 17 out of 30 total Academy Award nominations. The final film in the series, The Return of the King, won all of its 11 Academy Awards nominations, tying it with Ben-Hur and Titanic for most Academy Awards received for a film. The series received wide praise for its innovative special and visual effects.

Facts

27 copies of the book were used up in the process of creating the screenplay, between highlighting and note-making and page-tearing.

Stephen Sinclair, Philippa Boyens' partner, was originally a screenwriter on the project when it was set to be two films. He left due to theatrical duties.

The idea of having a battle scene in the Prologue to Fellowship was inspired by the tradition of a James Bond pre-credits action scene.

Sam Gamgee, professional gardener, is only seen gardening once, in the Extended Edition opening section "Concerning Hobbits".

There's absolutely no CG in the scene where Gandalf and Frodo meet in the forest; just small and tall stand-ins.

Gandalf's original name was "Olórin". He also goes by Tharkun and Mithrandir.

Other wizards named by Tolkien include Radagast, Alatar, Pallando and of course Saruman.

Peter Jackson "doesn't like magic in fantasy films" and tried to avoid it.

The Special Editions, in total, are 158 minutes longer than the Theatrical releases (718 minutes to 560 minutes).

Andy Serkis voices the Black Rider who asks after "Baggins" in the Shire.

The reason the eagles don't just fly everyone to Mount Doom because "the eagles are their own race and do things for their own reasons". Also, Tolkien didn't like them to be seen as "Middle-Earth taxis"..

The close-up shot of the Ring in the snow on the mountain was shot with a Ring 6" across.

The shots of the Fellowship mourning Gandalf's death outside Moria were filmed before Ian McKellen had even arrived on set for the first time.


Brad Dourif had to shave off his eyebrows for his role as Wormtongue. Over two years of going back and forth to set, he had to shave them five times.

Helm's Deep was 25 / 30ft wide, but almost entirely made of polystyrene. Osgiliath once blew away in a high wind, since it was also polystyrene.

Fangorn is entirely artificial: miniatures, CGI and studio set.

You can tell which scenes have been "flipped" from left to right by the direction the Fellowship's Elvish brooches are pointing.

20,000 cricket fans provided the voices of the Uruk-hai in Helm's Deep.

The Fell Beast's scream is based on a donkey's.

The Black Gate is shown as two gates because of a typo in the script given to the art department.

Six million feet of film were shot on the trilogy. That's over 1,100 miles!

By the time the third film came around, Howard Shore had to compose 7 minutes of music a day in order to keep the pace.

The lord of the rings the return of the king has the highest body count for any film. It tops the list with 836 bodies, Kingdom of Heaven is second with 610 bodies.

It was only the second film to ever gross $1 billion worldwide
Read more at http://www.omg-facts.com/lists/42/7-Little-Known-Lord-Of-The-Rings-Facts/3#TdTgpHmsKhcVU2oG.99

IT was only the second film to gross £1billion worldwide